11 steps to make wine

The following steps are informative only! They give an idea how wine is made:

1. plantation (or grafting) of a vine stock
   
2. growing of the grape-bunch
   
3. harvesting the grapes
   
4. de-stemming* and crushing the grapes
   
5. alcoholic fermentation of the liquid
   
6. maceration*
   
7. raking the wine
   
8. malolactic fermentation
   
9. maturation of the wine
   
10. bottling the wine
    
11. tasting the wine

* : only for red wine, normally

Must : it is the grape-juice produced by crushing.

Alcoholic fermentation : the juice becomes wine under the natural action of yeast which changes sugar in alcohol.

Maceration : the pomace (skin, pips and stems) impregnate the must giving body and color.

Raking : pomace and must are separated. The must becomes "vin de goutte", the pomace becomes "vin de presse".

Malolactic fermentation : under the action of natural bacteria, the harsh malic acid changes itself in lactic acid supple and stable.

Maturation : the wine is clarified and put in casks/barrels to stabilize and perfects itself.

Winemaking techniques: red - white - rosé - (vinegar) - winemaking

Red Wine

White Wine

Rosé Wine

Vinegar